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October 18, 1999
Paul Levinson

Paul Levinson Cover of SOFT EDGE by Paul Levinson Cover of SILK CODE by Paul Levinson



BIO


Paul Levinson, PhD, has published more than 25 science fiction and fantasy stories in Analog, Amazing, and anthologies such as XANADU 3 and BLACK MIST. His novelette, "The Chronology Protection Case," was a Nebula and Sturgeon finalist; "The Copyright Notice Case" won CompuServe's HOMer Award for best novelette, and was a Nebula finalist; "The Mendelian Lamp Case" was reprinted in David Hartwell's YEAR'S BEST SF #3. His novella, "Loose Ends," was a Hugo and Nebula Nominee, and a Sturgeon Award finalist, in 1998. His novelette, "Late Lessons" (sequel to "Loose Ends" and "Little Differences") is a cover story in the October 1999 Analog.

Paul Levinson's first novel, THE SILK CODE, featuring Dr. Phil D'Amato (of "The Chronology Protection Case," "The Copyright Notice Case," and "The Mendelian Lamp Case") was just published by Tor. Publisher's Weekly noted "its abundant, clever speculations, which creatively explain gaps in both ancient history and biology ... providing more wonders than many a futuristic epic."

His non-fiction books include MIND AT LARGE (1988), THE SOFT EDGE: A NATURAL HISTORY AND FUTURE OF THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION (1997), which he discussed on CSPAN's "About Books" in February 1998, and DIGITAL McLUHAN: A GUIDE TO THE INFORMATION MILLENNIUM (1999). WIRED found THE SOFT EDGE "remarkable in both scholarly sweep and lyricism."

His essays have appeared in WIRED, shift, Omni, The Village Voice, and The New York Review of Science Fiction.

He has spoken on NPR, CSPAN, the BBC, CBC, ZDTV, and more than 100 radio and television shows around the US and Canada, and has been recently quoted in the Washington Post, The New York Times, US News & World Report, the Smithsonian, International Herald-Tribune, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Toronto Globe, San Francisco Chronicle, Chicago Sun-Times, Dallas Morning News, Miami Herald, Sacramento Bee, San Jose Mercury News, Minneapolis Star Tribune, Cleveland Plain Dealer, Christian Science Monitor, Associated Press, and many other publications.

He is President and founder of Connected Education -- offering courses on the Internet since 1985 -- and is Visiting Professor of Communications at Fordham University. He is President of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America.


The October, 1999
Q&A



Cybling: Okay...Paul...THE SILK CODE is your first novel. When did you start getting your work published, and why so long to take a crack at this longer length?
Paul Levinson: Well, I actually started writing a science fiction novel back in 1975 and at that same time, I began working on my doctoral dissertation so I made a decision, then, to focus on the "serious" writing -- that is my dissertation. I finished the dissertation a couple of years later and spent the next 20 years writing non-fiction and scholarly articles and books about communications and media. It took until about 1990 for me to get back to writing science fiction and I realized I had a better chance of publishing as an sf writer then if I wrote shorter stuff.
Cybling: Ah! So you are a Ph.D., and we may address you as Dr. Levinson?
Paul Levinson: Sure, Dr. Levinson is fine ... or Your Excellency ...[g]
tsuki1: And your Ph.D. is in?
Paul Levinson: Di, my PhD is in Media Theory ... the impact of media throughout history.
Cybling: Thanks Paul! So you started this novel in '75?
Paul Levinson: Janice, actually the novel I started in 1975 wasn't The Silk Code. It was a story that I later turned into "Loose Ends" (published in Analog in May 1997)
Cybling: Thank you Paul. The Silk Code features Dr. Phil D'Amato, a protagonist of some of your shorter fiction...how many stories have featured him?
Paul Levinson: Three novelettes published in Analog have featured Phil's exploits: The Chronology Protection Case (1995), The Copyright Notice Case (1996) and The Mendelian Lamp Case (1997)
tsuki1: Which did you find more difficult--moving from shorter to longer or longer to shorter fiction?
Paul Levinson: Di, I guess I found it harder to go from short fiction to novel-length fiction than from book-length nonfiction to short science fiction, but now that I'm writing novels, I love those more than my nonfiction.
Cybling: Paul, professional ignoramus that I am, can you tell me who this Dr. D'Amato is and what kind of cases he usually handles?
Paul Levinson: Janice -- not to worry, I'm a professional ignoramus too![g] but to answer your question ... Dr. D'Amato is a forensic detective with the NYPD, and he seems to have a penchant for getting involved in very strange cases ... involving time travel, codes in the DNA that kill that sort of thing.
Cybling: Excellent. Booklist called THE SILK CODE "cerebral but gripping." LOL...any insight into why they would find it taxing?
Paul Levinson: Janice, to me the novel is very easy to read ... but then, I wrote it [g] however, it does have a very ambitious plot, with a whole section taking place in 750 AD and lots of strange things like people dying just last week but carbon-dating at 30,000 years old ... so to read it really puts you on an emotional and intellectual rollercoaster.
Cybling: My goodness! So time travel is involved in this story. Does D'Amato actually travel in time?
Paul Levinson: Janice ... no D'Amato doesn't time travel ... but to understand the full workings of the Silk Code, I had to take the reader back in history, to meet Phil's great+++++ grandparents.
Cybling: Okay thanks. Paul...forensics...hobby of yours? Side study? What I'm getting at is this: Why a Dr. of Forensics for your protagonist?
Paul Levinson: Janice -- well, dead bodies make for stimulating reading, so I thought I might as well make my scientist someone who would naturally come into contact with people dying in strange ways. Also, I know a NYC police officer who is a bit like Phil.
AWDorn: Well, it did seem to work well for several seasons of "Quincy!" :)
Cybling: THE SILK CODE...my first thought when seeing the title was CODING as in programming. Is programming a part of the novel, or would that be telling?
Paul Levinson: AWDorn, right: The Silk Code is Quincy meets Witness meets the X-Files.
AWDorn: Is "The Silk Code" a reference to DNA?
Paul Levinson: Yes, the "code" in The Silk Code is our DNA, which turns out to have some sequences of silk DNA in it.
Cybling: Paul...are you expecting to do more novels with Dr. D'Amato?
Paul Levinson: Janice, yes -- my next D'Amato novel is already in draft in my head ... but my next novel will be The River that Flows Both Ways ... about the first trip to Alpha Centauri, with just enough fuel to go one-way.
Cybling: Ah...excellent thanks.
AWDorn: Fuel for a one-way trip? I remember reading something about a mars mission concept that worked like that, using the resources on mars to generate enough fuel for the return trip!?
Paul Levinson: AWdorn -- Yep, there's been lots of consideration of that kind of thing ... like the boomerang effect which allowed Apollo 13 to get back from the moon.
Cybling: Paul...you say this is the next novel you're working on. Are you working on it NOW, finished and looking for a publisher...?
Paul Levinson: Janice, The Silk Code was published by Tor; I already have a contract with them for my next novel, The River that Flows Both Ways. If all works well, I hope to stay with them for a long time.
Cybling: Excellent! Is finding a publisher for longer fiction more difficult than placing short stories, or the other way round?
Paul Levinson: Janice, it's much harder to find a publisher for novels -- because the publisher is making much more of an investment in a novel.
baryon: Hi gang
Paul Levinson: Hiya baryon -- you look vaguely familiar.
baryon: Just an old reviewer
Cybling: 8^D
Paul Levinson: Baryon ... old reviewers never fade away.
baryon: yep, for sure been doing Baryon for 23 years now, still no Hugo
Paul Levinson: well, it can sometimes take the world a long time to catch up to quality, Baryon.
baryon: Thanks Paul, appreciate that
Cybling: Paul...you've been online for a long time...longer than most of us here. Have you ever written about cyberspace other than your non-fiction books?
Paul Levinson: Janice, yes -- cyberspace figures in my short story, "Advantage, Bellarmine" (Analog, Jan 98) and it does a little here and there in my novels too .... but I've yet to write a novel completely devoted to cyberspace. Actually, my short story collection... Best Seller ... had 9 stories in which cyberspace figures more or less prominently.
Cybling: Okay..this would be Bestseller: Wired, Analog, and Digital Writings, published in February 1999 by Pulpless.com?
Paul Levinson: You got it, Janice! It has 9 stories and 9 essays -- all about the digital age.
Cybling: Okay...thanks...and I'm assuming it's available from Amazon.
Paul Levinson: Yes, it is -- nice picture and all.
Cybling: 8^D Thanks! Paul...you're seriously thinking of moving out of the short story business and into the Novel business at this point in your career. Will we still see short stories from you now and then? That is...do you have anything scheduled to come out in Analog, Asimov's, et al in the next few months?
Paul Levinson: Janice, yes -- short stories come from those urges to just write something, with no warning that can't be denied. Yes, "The Suspended Fourth" will be published in Analog around April - May, I'd say. It's set in the same universe as "The Orchard" (Analog, Feb 98) .... and "Nathan's Famous" will be published sometime in 2000 in _Coney Island Wonder Stories_, by Wildside Press GA
baryon: Paul, which editors have you enjoyed working with?
Paul Levinson: Baryon, I've been blessed to be able to work with two great editors: Stanley Schmidt at Analog is spectacular in pushing me to make my stories as scientifically rigorous as possible, and also read well.... and... David Hartwell, my novel editor at Tor, is the best novel-editor in the business ... he has the ... keenest sense I've ever seen for knowing just what to take out -- and just what to put into a novel to make it really sing.
Paul Levinson: I should add that both Stan and David deserve credit for The Silk Code.
baryon: Hartwell is a heckofa guy. Reminds me of a modern day Wollheim if there can be one.
Paul Levinson: Baryon, I agree -- Hartwell's depth of understanding of the sf field is extraordinary and his intelligence makes him a pleasure just to talk to.
Cybling: How are Stan and David responsible for THE SILK CODE Paul?
Paul Levinson: Janice, well the first Phil D'Amato story I ever wrote -- The Chronology Protection Case -- was just a short story of 5000+ words. Stan encouraged me to give Phil a bigger tableau, and provided great advice and editing on all three of Phil's Analog novelettes. David understood what was needed to make Phil a character in a novel ... and he provided great criticism throughout my writing of The Silk Code.
Cybling: So some gears needed to be shifted to move the character from his normal novelette framework to the longer novel form? More background? More detail?
Paul Levinson: Janice, yes. The Silk Code -- all of the Phil D'Amato stories -- are told in the first person. Now to do that in a novel -- to keep the reader mesmerized -- you have to provide all kinds of scintillating detail, but in a way that enhances the story rather than distracts.... and... it seems to have worked: the San Diego Union Tribune, in its review of The Silk Code last Sunday, said it's a book that's "hard to put down and easy to pick up."
Cybling: Fascinating. First person is a tough voice to carry off effectively. I'm assuming your other stories are in 3rd?
Paul Levinson: Janice, right -- most of my other stories are in 3rd ... but for the hard-boiled, noir-ish detective that is Phil, it just had to be 1st person.
chromeDreamr: Do you like film-noir?
Paul Levinson: Chrome, yes I love it
chromeDreamr: What's your favorite film ?
Cybling: Ack...Chrome stole my next question straight out of my mouth, lol.
chromeDreamr: teehee
Paul Levinson: Tough question, but I would have to say a toss-up between The Usual Suspects, Body Heat, and 12 Monkeys.
baryon: Gonna have to go to Waldens and get a copy of the THE SILK CODE, Tor didn't send one.
chromeDreamr: oh...do you like any B&W...noir?
Paul Levinson: Baryon, I'll definitely sign for you, if we ever run into each other a con! [g]
Paul Levinson: Chrome, well, Welles movies in the 40s and early 50s -- after Citizen Kane -- are wonderful
chromeDreamr: Touch of Evil...Lady from Shanghai....hmmm
Paul Levinson: Yeah, Touch of Evil ...
chromeDreamr: [g]
Paul Levinson: and then, not a Welles film -- can't recall who made it? -- Recife (that was name of the movie)
chromeDreamr: hmmm...not familiar with that one....
Cybling: No bells ringing here either.
Cybling: The Mystery and SF genres seem to blend very well, any speculation on why this is so Paul?
Paul Levinson: Janice -- I think they blend because a lot of sf is essentially mystery -- it's a "what-done-it" rather than a who-done-it, but the story still is a pursuit to find out why a certain event (strange, miraculous, whatever),,,, happened.
Cybling: LOL, well put. Paul, are you going to be doing any book signings for THE SILK CODE?
Paul Levinson: Janice... Yes, here's a little list of my upcoming signings: Sat, Oct 23, Pandemonium Books in...
Cybling: Pandemonium Books, lol, what a wonderful name for a store.
Paul Levinson: Cambridge, MA, 3-5 PM; October 28, Chapters -- Festival Hall in Toronto, 8 PM. Then on Nov 1, Borders at the World Trade Center in NYC at 6 PM and on Nov 3, Flights of Fantasy in Albany, NY at 7 PM. November 6, Borders in Hyannis at 1 PM; Nov 21, Borders at Jennifer St in Washington, DC and on Nov 30, Barnes & Noble in Hartsdale, NY at 7:15 PM....that's most of 'em![g]
Cybling: Paul, we'll be doing chats from
WindyCon in Chicago (Schaumburg) this year... and CYBLING will be at WorldCon (in a dark corner no doubt) at ChiCon. Are you planning on making WorldCon 2000, and what other conventions are on your schedule?
Paul Levinson: Janice, yes, I'll be at Worldcon 2000 -- also at World Fantasy Con this Nov 4-7 and Philcon, this Nov 12-14. I'll definitely stop by your table!
Cybling: Oh...I expect to be sequestered in a dusty little corner illuminated only by the laptop Paul, but I'll let you know which corner.
Paul Levinson: (about that film we we're talking about it: it's Rififi, made in 1954, by Jules Dassin -- just looked it up!
Cybling: LOL, thanks Paul.
Paul Levinson: Janice ... dusty little corners are my specialty!
Techyo: A MULTITASKER! I see how it is.
AWDorn: An Amiga? :)
Paul Levinson: Techyo -- right: we're multi-tasking organisms![g]
chromeDreamr: thanks...I'll look for it on video...Paul
Paul Levinson: Chrome: hope you like!
Paul Levinson: Awdorn: certainly an amigo!
AWDorn: I'm sorry -- I'm a recovering Amiga Computer Fanatic! :)
Techyo: LOL me too, AWDorn.
chromeDreamr: I'm looking forward to it...[g]
Cybling: Paul...your duties with Connected Education, Inc., and the SFWA must take a great deal of time and yet you write quite a bit of fiction and non-fiction...where do you find the time?
Paul Levinson: Janice -- I'm one of those people who is happiest when every minute of my life is filled doing something. Also, for me writing -- though it takes time -- is a great pleasure. I almost always feel better after I've written.
Cybling: Do you allot a certain amount of time per day just for writing?
Paul Levinson: Janice, no ... I just make sure I grab at least some time every day for writing ... and if I miss a day... I make sure I get back the time the day after, or the day after that ... you do have to be ruthless in making sure that the myriad of good reasons for not writing don't get in the way.
Cybling: Would you say that is the most important skill a young writer should cultivate then Paul? A ruthlessness about his/her art?
Paul Levinson: Janice, yes; the world, sad to say, doesn't usually want you to write; it wants you to pay attention to events and developments and needs out there in the real world ... so, the young writer has to learn to say no to the world ... with me that wasn't so hard, because when I walk through the world, my mind's always brimming with ideas anyway.
Techyo: By writing is that the actually placement on the PC, paper, or whatever or does it include thinking it out?
Paul Levinson: Techyo: writing begins with ideas; but yes, it's not writing until it's externalized in some way -- out of your head and on to the screen or page.
nuketown: What's your worst habit as a writer?
Paul Levinson: Nuke: answering the telephone!
nuketown: hee-hee
Techyo: ROFL!
Paul Levinson: but if you mean in the writing itself: I guess it's writing too much --- I have a tendency to go on sometimes, if I'm really enthralled with an idea.
Cybling: Paul, a few of us here are involved in a new Zine Guild for SF/Horror/Fantasy Zines on the web. With publishing houses merging right and left, do you see the web as the next logical step for young writers of the fantastic?
nuketown: excellent question
Paul Levinson: Janice, I think the Web will indeed play an increasingly important role in all areas of writing -- but, especially for new writers, because there are so few openings for stories in print publications.
nuketown: Where would you like to see webzines/ezines go in the future?
Paul Levinson: Nuke, I'd like to see them reach out even more than they are now to people who have talent as writers, but just don't know where to send their work. That's the web's greatest potential.
Cybling: Since you're scholarship is in this new media...what do you feel needs to be done out here to make the web as active a force in SF as the pulps and publishing houses have been?
Paul Levinson: Janice, they've just got to keep doing more of what they're doing: publishing new talent, promoting it, publicizing it in any and all ways ... so that, little by little, new worlds of readers will develop for these works.
Cybling: Thanks Paul.
Paul Levinson: But, also, webzines have to try, if at all, possible, to pay their writers at least 3 or more cents per word. (That's what is usually considered to be a "pro" rate.) In that way, pro writers will also be more attracted to the Web.
Cybling: Yes, the Zine Guild is working towards those goals. Paul...do you see the need for any sort of proprietary software or other safeguards on copyright to make webfiction a better bet for authors?
Paul Levinson: Janice, no -- I don't think theft is the problem ... I think the main problem is that some authors feel their work might not receive "serious" attention on the Web ... which is why attracting more readers is so important.
Cybling: Thanks Paul. Say...we've had you on the hot seat for about an hour and half now. May we continue to pummel you with questions, or are you ready to cry uncle?
Paul Levinson: [g] you can continue pummeling....
Cybling: LOL, thanks.
Techyo: So how long have you been net active?
Paul Levinson: Tech: since 1984!
Techyo: Whoa! I'm not worthy.
Cybling: Longer than I have by a few years. When did you get online Tech?
Paul Levinson: Hey, it's quality not quantity that counts, Tech![g]
Techyo: 93 or late 92 if you count Prodigy.
Paul Levinson: I was on The Source and CompuServe back in 1984
Cybling: Okay...and you were a couple of years before me as well...so Paul is definitely the grand-uncle here.
nuketown: wow -- I remember crawling along on prodigy on my mac in 1988.
Techyo: I guess it's been interesting watching it grow?
Paul Levinson: Tech -- fascinating -- though, in many ways, the chat we're having right now would have been very recognizable to folks in 1984 ... in terms of people talking to people, the dynamics have stayed the same, even though the technology has of coursed greatly progressed.
Techyo: It'd have been Bboards then?
Paul Levinson: Tech, yeah, Bulletin Boards -- and there were lots of live chats on them.
Cybling: LOL...and I believe chat is still running at 2400 too. Paul...what is the most surprising (to you) development on the internet to date?
Paul Levinson: Janice, well, what's surprising -- and not entirely enjoyable (cause it's getting boring already) -- is the way the mainstream media have all caught on to the Web in the past five years. It was more fun when it was a secret place, frequented only by those who really knew [g].
Cybling: LOLOLOLOLOLOL. Here here. Or is that hear, hear.
Paul Levinson: I never get hear and here straight either![g]
Techyo: Do you think it's overall too much glitter? Or real substance?
Paul Levinson: Tech, there's still lots of real substance -- probably more than back in the 80s --but it can be a lot harder to find now.
Techyo: There's the rub how does one find it?
AWDorn: Not on Yahoo, that's for sure.
Paul Levinson: Sooner or later you find it ... like a beautiful little clearing in a forest.
AWDorn: :)
Cybling: Ah...and no trees have been sacrificed for the ink.
Paul Levinson: You just have to hang out in enough places
Paul Levinson: Janice...right
Techyo: We might debate that about the trees.
AWDorn: Well, as usual, after coming to Cybling once again, I find that more of my money shall be spent on books. After the last time, I went out and got two of the three Foundation sequel novels, 'Parallellities' by Alan Dean Foster, and now it looks like I'll be getting 'Quincy meets Witness meets The X-Files' in 'The Silk Code.'
Techyo: LOL AW. That Foster was fun BTW.
Paul Levinson: [g] music to my ears, AWDorn ... if I can only help make a few more people broke![g]
AWDorn: :)
Paul Levinson: seriously -- hope you enjoy it, AWDorn...it was good talking to you here!
Cybling: Paul, here's what may sound like a dumb question...but WHAT search engine do you use the most. I am *still* trying to find one that gives me what I'm looking for.
Paul Levinson: Janice -- I use about 10 of them -- even Yahoo (and Hotbot and Northern Lights etc etc). Each seems to have a bit of what the others do not.
Cybling: Ah...so you spend as much time as we do sorting through the chaff.
Paul Levinson: Janice -- maybe even more (after all, as an author, I'm always out there looking for mentions of my name. [g]
Techyo: Do you find the search engines sometimes seem to do better than others on the same searches? The same engines that is?
Cybling: 8^D, well there are some devices, like Deja.com that can help with the newsgroups...but I know what you mean.
Paul Levinson: Yeah, I use Deja.com a lot
Paul Levinson: Tech: you mean the same engine does better a day or two later? On the same search?
Techyo: Or worse. Right. You'd think they'd be consistent. :::shrugs:::
Paul Levinson: Yes, they do change like that ... it's like they take a big bite out of what's out there, and sometimes they drop some stuff before they ingest it!
Techyo: Cool I thought it was me.
Paul Levinson: well, could be it's just me and you! [g]
Techyo: ROFL
Cybling: Paul...one last question (with an anecdote) from me....Last year in a talk at WindyCon, Frederick Pohl said that SF may very well have murdered itself by moving into "adult" fiction and away from the juvenile and pulp format that graced the glory days of the golden age. We meet a lot of young media SF fans out here... ST, SW, etc. What do you think is the best way old dyed in the wool readers like us can do to get these kids into books? Or is it hopeless?
Paul Levinson: Janice, I think it's hopeless for us -- because those new kinds of science fiction are simply not inspiring in the way the stories of Isaac Asimov, and Pohl, and Clarke, were in fact .... which is why I try to write my stories and novels in that older way. A story, a novel, should be exciting, take you into a new world, take you someplace you've never been before ... that's what the sf of the golden age had ... I think it may well come back, with some of newer writers!
Techyo: Is it a cycle thing?
Paul Levinson: Tech: Yes, it is. Writers in the 60s, 70s, 80s, and a lot of the 90s were rebelling against the sensibilities of the golden age. I embrace them, while trying to go beyond them too.
Techyo: LOL CP explained in one sentence. [G]
Cybling: Well you know I had a horrible thought the other day about books which you might have some insight into Paul because of your Ph.D. Story telling was originally oral. Writing is something that is basically new to humanity. Could it be that books are an affectation, and that the new media of TV and Movies are taking us back to a truer form of storytelling? Please...put down the pitchforks and torches.
Paul Levinson: Janice, no, I don't think so. Reading has been around for so long, I think it's hard-wired into our species .... we need both oral story-telling as well as written: they satisfy different parts of our being.
Cybling: Damn but you're good Paul. Could we talk you into running for President of the US. It's such a pleasure talking to someone who can actually communicate *and* make sense.
Techyo: Indeed
Paul Levinson: (laugh) thanks, Janice ... but Prez of SFWA is enough for me!
Cybling: After the SFWA, the US would be a snap.
Paul Levinson: You said it!!
Cybling: Paul, thank you so much for joining us tonight.
Paul Levinson: My pleasure, indeed, Janice. Thank you!
Techyo: Thank you Paul you're a great guest.

The July, 1998
Q&A


Thanks for joining us at CYBLING Chat! Tonight, we have Dr. Paul Levinson, author of the novella "Loose Ends," which is on the Final Ballot for the Hugo. THE SILK CODE, a first novel featuring Dr. Phil D'Amato will be published by Tor Books in 1999. Levinson has also written several scholarly works on CyberSpace and the Information Revolution. A list of his books and published stories can be found on his CYBLING Link page at http://www.cybling.com/artists/alevinson.html

Also joining us this evening is Dan Imal, Assistant Editor, Analog. Gentlemen ... thank you for joining us this evening.

PaulLevinson My pleasure, Jan!
JanCyberC Paul, I was tooling around on your website
http://www.sfwa.org/members/Levinson today and noticed that you're the current VP of SFWA. I don't know a great deal about that organization...would you like to start off telling us a little about it? ga
PaulLevinson Yes, I just assumed that exalted office July 1. SFWA is the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America -- founded by Damon Knight back in the mid-1960s ... The organization does what it can to further everyone's awareness of the importance and enjoyment of science fiction and fantasy, which I'm of course sure is obvious to everyone here[g] ga
JanCyberC Thank you Paul.
Dan What do you do, as VP? GA
PaulLevinson Dan -- The VP is first and foremost there to be back-up to the President (Rob Sawyer), just as is the case with the VP of the US; but, in addition, I'm head of all sorts of interesting committees -- for example, one which we just put together -- The Media Committee -- is designed to get more and better reviews for science fiction and fantasy in the mainstream press -- for example, encourage the NY Times to do more than 5 or 6 tiny reviews of sf books per year[GA]
JanCyberC Paul...we have a question here from Starlite...What got Paul into sf/writing sf to start with? GA
PaulLevinson Ok -- let's hear from Starlight! Well, when I was in Junior High, the librarian banned me from the library because all I did was read sf and the more I read -- of Isaac Asimov, Alfred Bester, Robert Heinlein, James Blish -- the more I felt this was the quintessential writing of our time, and also incredibly exciting -- and it just seemed natural for me to write it as well as read it someday ... but it took about 30 years -- from the late 50s to the late 80s -- before I actually began to write science fiction -- because I was too busy writing more serious, but possibly less important, stuff, in between (like scholarly articles) [GA]
Dan Why is this the quintissential writing our time? GA
PaulLevinson Dan: Because, although all literature deals with human problems and situations, only science fiction actively addresses how we change the world and ourselves through science and technology -- and that, from the perspective of the universe, is what makes us make a difference [g][GA]
JanCyberC Paul...another question from Starlite: Do you know whence your early interest in sf arose? GA
PaulLevinson Starlite: If "whence" means "when," that would be around 1957 and after. If "whence" means where, that would be in the paperback section of the local public library, which is where I went after the Junion High Librarian said I couldn't read any more sf there and if "whence" means who, that would be Asimov (Isaaac), first and foremost[GA]
JanCyberC Thank you Paul! I think you may have already answered this, but Atvar wants to know: Who is Paul's bigest influence? ga
PaulLevinson Atvar: Isaac Asimov in terms of the breadth and scope and clarity of his ideas and writing -- I think the Foundation trilogy and his robot books and the End of Eternity are still the best works of their kind [GA]
JanCyberC We have a question from Truddy: Paul--how does "fantasy" address the changes the way you describe SF does? ga
PaulLevinson Truddy: well, truthfully, I don't think fantasy does address those changes -- I enjoy the prowess of fantasy writers -- like John Crowley -- but for the craft and magic of their writing ... in contrast, I enjoy sf mostly for its ideas, and secondarily for the craft of its writing[GA]
Dan Paul: You said you wrote scholarly artilces before you went into fiction... Why? GA
PaulLevinson Dan: Well, it's a question of what kind of audience I wanted to reach ... the advantage of scholarly writing is that a certain group of people -- professors, people who research, etc -- will take it seriously. A disadvantage, though, is that you don't reach the world at large[GA]
JanCyberC We have another question here from Atvar: Ask Paul how he feels about collaborations ga
PaulLevinson Atvar: Well, I'm pretty much of an egotist, and one reason I greatly enjoy writing is that I get to be absolute dictator of the words I write. So, with that in mind, although I wouldn't rule out collaboration, it's not something I'm especially eager to do[GA]
JanCyberC Thank you Paul.
Dan Paul: So you don't think the world at large takes SF seriously? Why? GA
PaulLevinson Dan: Ah -- I think I meant to say, not that the world at large doesn't take af seriously, but that professors are more likely to take scholarly articles seriously But, I do agree that some of the world does indeed not take sf seriously -- like, for example, the New York Times, as I mentioned above; and that's likely because they've never really sat down and read good sf -- their impression of sf is what they saw once when they were watching "Lost in Space" on tv 30 years ago [GA]
JanCyberC Thank you Paul...From Starlite: what attracted you to sf in your early reading?why did it interest you? GA
PaulLevinson Starlight: It interested me because, I looked up at the stars, and I thought, hey, we're part of this universe, we ought to out there, why don't we go out there, take our place in the universe ... and, in the 1950s, only sf could do that [GA]
JanCyberC Thanks! And from Tootal...What books did Paul write?
JanCyberC Would you like to tell us a bit about Soft Edge?
PaulLevinson Tootal and Jan: Sure The Soft Edge is a book about how, at crucial times in history, a communications medium turned the tide of events to go a certain way -- for example: the Vikings reached the New World 500 years before Columbus, but no Age of Discovery resulted; why did it result after Columbus? Because: word of Columbus' voyage were printed up, and became best sellers, by the printing presses which had just been introduced into Europe a few years earlier... And The Soft Edge asks: if the printing press had that effect on the world then, what effect will the Internet etc -- what wer're doing right now -- have on our immediate and distant future[GA]
JanCyberC Thanks Paul...We have a question from Chris here...What about creative influences outside the realm of sf, art, music, film. GA
PaulLevinson Chris: Well, let me first say that music and film have always been very big influences on me -- when I write, I often hear songs in my head, or see movies in my mind's eye (of what I'm writing). But, outside of those media, nature itself -- and life, and relationships, and things that strike about the people I know -- all of these are very powerful influences on my work.
Tootal: Other books I wrote: Mind at Large: Knowing in the Technological Age (1988); Electronic Chronicles: Columns of the Changes in our Time (1992); Learning Cyberspace (1995); all are available on amazon.com; and my science fiction novel -- The Silk Code -- will be published by Tor next year [GA]
Dan Paul: Can you tell us about your soon-to-be released novel? GA
JanCyberC Did you want to expand a bit on Silk Code?
PaulLevinson Dan & Jan: Yep
JanCyberC It's a SF novel is it not? GA
PaulLevinson The Silk Code is my first novel-length treatment of Dr. Phil D'Amato, the NYC forensic detective who has appeared in three Analog novelettes, so far -- "The Chronology Protection Case" (Sept 95), "The Copyright Notice Case" (Apr 96), and "The Mendelian Lamp Case" (Apr 97); The Silk Code weaves some of those themes and more ... such as the possibility that the difference between us and Neanderthals is due to a virus, that may still be around ... and has other goodies like carbon-14 dating being manipulated to give false results ... and lots of bodies and people flowing in and out of danger .... and stuff like that[GA]
JanCyberC Thanks Paul it sounds absolutely fascinating! ...question here from Truddy: Paul--It would seem SF requires much more research than fantasy writing--how do you know where to begin the research, let alone where to stop, GA
PaulLevinson Truddy: well, I usually don't write an sf story unless I'm already pretty well versed in knowledge of the field ... so, for example, I've always studies natural selection -- my theories of media evolution deal with it a lot -- so it comes quite easily in my science fiction. My advice would be to write a science fiction story that uses science that you already know to some extent; then it's not too hard to track down relevant details; the NY Times Science Section is a great resource for this, as is Scientific American, Science, Science News, Discover Magazine, etc[GA]
JanCyberC A question here from spunky (who says Hi Dr. Levinson) :do you feel that the internet is taking the place of our current media?How? GA
PaulLevinson Hey Spunky! -- well, before the Internet, people spent their leisure time watching tv, reading books, listening to the radio, etc -- now all of those are still available, but competing with them for our attention is this incredible screen that can take us anywhere in the world -- and, as a special bonus, allow us to converse with real people as we're doing right now; this capacity to interact with real people is irresistible -- it's no wonder that TV viewing has been declining now for almost a decade[GA]
JanCyberC edunkel has a question for Paul: Tell us about this Connected Education place. GA
PaulLevinson [g] to Ellen, who is one of Connect Ed's most illustrious students -- as was Bill Dubie -- Tina (my wife) and I founded Connect Ed back in 1985, when online media were still in their infancy; the idea was that people could learn online -- by asynchronous discussions -- in some ways better than in in person classrooms -- and since then, people from 30 countries and 40 states have taken our online courses --
JanCyberC .::Tina Waves:::
PaulLevinson currently, we're offering an MA in Creative Writing with a British University -- totally online[GA]
JanCyberC Thanks Paul. We have a question here from Starlite: Have you any special habits or rituals by which you work? GA
PaulLevinson Starlight: Well, my main habit is a deliberate anti-sociality: to write effectively, I find you sometimes have to be ruthless about not keeping appointments -- calling with apologies, of course -- but making sure you don't lose the crucial energy you need to complete a chapter, or a section of a story, or just write out for the first time an idea you have burning in your brain -- there are a thousand grear reasons, on any given occasion, not to write -- you have to be willing to put them aside, and in fact write[GA]
JanCyberC Thank you so much Paul!

Folks, we're going to be opening the chat up now so everyone can speak.... Please join me in Thanking Paul for a wonderful Q&A session!
JanCyberC ACTION applauds
crGand :::Applause!:::::
crStarlite Pdaul are you familiar with Cliff Stoll's SILICON SNAKE OIL? If you are, your opinion?
Truddy Thanks Paul :-)
crReverieAI ::::pok pok pok:::::
PaulLevinson Jan & grand: thanks for the applause!
edunkel thanks paul!
Dan Thanks Paul!
PaulLevinson Starlight: sometimes people get burned out on online activities -- I think that's what happened to poor Clifford Stoll![GA] Truddy, Ellen, and Reverie: Thank you!!
TinaVozick but you can find him on MSNBC
BillD Applause!! Question: Paul, do you write to a schedule, say, of doing one SF book then a non-fiction work?
PaulLevinson Bill: What I wind up doing is writing like a demon on whatever project I next have a contract in hand for; then, I allow myself the pleasure of writing a short story, or a novelette, before the next contract comes in [GA]
BillD Thanks!
crGand Paul - on a lighter note - How did you feel when you heard about the nomination? Did you celebrate? :)
PaulLevinson Grand: Yes, I was delighted when I learned about the Hugo nomination of "Loose Ends"; I pulled Tina away from watching Cliff Stoll on MSNBC, and took her to dinner![g] [GA]
Truddy Question: How do you check out if others authors are working on the same idea(s)?
crGand LOL
TinaVozick and then we set off fireworks
JanCyberC LOL!
PaulLevinson Truddy: Good question. Basically, I just write what I want to, and don't pay any attention to what other authors may be writing -- but ideas are sometimes in the air -- it's almost as if the world progresses to a certain point and elicits them -- so sometimes you might indeed find that you and others are writing on the same themes -- even when that happens, though, you should just keep on going with your own work, because chances are, it will still be a bit different from anything else[GA]
Dan Paul: do you plot methodically, or do you "just write" and see what happens? GA
Truddy Thanks- I needed that!
PaulLevinson Dan: It works all ways, for me: Sometimes I just write, with no idea in my head except the words on the page; in those cases, the plot eventually comes, or I stop writing and put the story away until the plot does come; in other cases, I get an idea, and know exactly almost what every word will be before I write it down -- it's already all in my head [GA]
edunkel Paul, and how do you manage large projects?
PaulLevinson Ellen: not very well, sometimes[g].... but seriously ... I try to think out large projects out as much as possible before I get to, say, the first third or half completed -- if the project's large, I need to have some idea of where I'm going before I go too far[GA]
JanCyberC Thanks, Paul!
BillD Paul, can you tell us what to expect in your forthcoming book, McLuhan for the New Millenium? [GA]
PaulLevinson Bill: on McLuhan for the New Millennium: I've just finished writing the book, and it deals with two interlocking themes: (a) how McLuhan's work, misunderstood and unappreciated in by many in its time, suddenly makes sense in the digital age, and (b) how, therefore, we can learn an enormous amount about what's doing on now, and will likely happen in the next decades, by looking again at what McLuhan said in the 1960s and 70s; for example: his "global Village" of television wasn't really a village, because folks in a village can talk, and people watching TV can't talk to the people on the screen; but we of course can indeed talk to the screen online [GA]
JanCyberC Thanks Paul.
BillD Looking forward to the book. Thnx!
TinaVozick it'll be out next year, Bill, published by Routledge
Dan Paul: You mentioned how the print press helped spur the Age of Discovery. Do you think the Internet will as well? GA
TinaVozick And The Soft Edge is coming out in paperback in September
PaulLevinson Dan: Yes, I think the Internet is already beginning to stir an Age of Discovery ... of knowledge:
Never before in history have such a large part of the world's population had such access to so much knowledge; I seriously predict that we'll see the fruit of this in the next 50 years, with advances in science and technology that make the 20th century seem like child's play[GA]
crStarlite but knowledge on the Internet, while broad, has little depth. For depth one still needs libraries GA
PaulLevinson Starlight: well, I think there are at least two important factors here: 1. Our old-fashioned libraries of course have had centuries to learn how to compile knowledge, so it's no surprise that they still have advantages over online sources of information, but 2. I've found that, in many areas -- such as access to newspapers worldwide -- the Web is already far superior to any library. And once all of the world's books are scanned into digital holdings -- I figure that should occur in the next two decades, maximum -- the result will be that the Web, or whatever it's called then, will be superior to libraries in just about every way[GA]
crGrape What are your thoughts on VR, net implants, uploading, etc.?
PaulLevinson Grape: well, I prefer old-fashioned offline reality for such activities as: walking hand in hand along the beach, dining in a fine restaurant, hugging one or both of my kids, hugging Tina, etc --
crGrape A romantic!
TinaVozick aw, shucks
PaulLevinson in other words, VR has its limitations -- as I say at the end of The Soft Edge, as good as java is, you can't send a cup of java via java online[g] Grape: Yeah[g] [GA]
crStarlite there's also the question of access. Literally anyone can walk into a library and pick a book from its shelves, but not everyone has access to the Internet or computers. Thus online knowledge is only available to a "priveleged" class.
PaulLevinson StarLight: well, you can get on the Web these days with machines that don't cost much more than a TV, so although I agree that it's not as inexpensive as walking into a library, neither is online communication any longer just a privilege of the rich ... further, libraries often have machines with Web access[GA]
Keith Paul, do you have concerns that the fragmented nature of web publishing, its very... disjointedness, may well reduce the ability of readers to follow a long and extended narrative line or argument even if all such ever printed are available on the web?
PaulLevinson Keith: well, I have great confidence in the human mind, and its capacity to call the shots with narratives -- so, I think that if we really value the long, winding, delicious narrative, we'll make sure our Web outlets give us this option... in other words: I see humans as in control of their media, rather than vice versa[GA]
Truddy ooo- sounds like a story there--machines managing our minds
crStarlite even so, books are still more portable. You can't curl up in front of the fire with your computer. ga
edunkel you can if you have a laptop
PaulLevinson Starlight: True, and books may well continue as the durable reservoirs that they are for our most cherished texts, but -- yeah, as Ellen just said -- computers are almost yearly becoming more portable...[GA]
crStarlite books still more portable. can't put a laptop in yer pocket.8)
edunkel you can if you have a palmtop
crGrape <-----too enamored with cyberspace to let it go....How about for Quadraplegics and people in physically vegatative states, but stilll aware...VR, uploading...net implants?
PaulLevinson Grape: Yeah, I agree with you on that: VR can be a godsend for people with physical disabilities[GA]
crStarlite there are other stimulations/sensory inputs than just visual when reading a book that you don't get from reading on line
PaulLevinson Starlight: yes, I agree, books are still more cuddily, but: that doesn't mean that we can't make computers to feel that way too[GA]
crAtvarLoathesAOL Paul, I met you yesterday, under one of my many cyber names: BlackCyberC
PaulLevinson Hey, Atv-BlackC: great to see you again!
edunkel paul - back to that library thing. I'm at my third web job and every one of them has had librarians working closely with editor-types. so ... it's kind of the best of both worlds.
PaulLevinson Ellen: Yep, I agree -- it's indeed the best of both
crStarlite but why spend so much effort trying to make a computer booklike when books are perfectly suited to their job?
crGrape If the story is too long, I print it out.....take it to bed with me.....to read.
Truddy but--I can imagine many colors anyway :-)
PaulLevinson Starlight: Because books can only show that which is already imprinted in them; their words are wedded to their pages; computer screens, in contrast, are infinite in their potential words. Grape: there you go![GA]
crGrape :)
JanCyberC Star...for me it's space. If I could get books on small CDs, I could own more books.
PaulLevinson Truddy: Imagination is the most powerful force in the universe -- works even faster than speed of light!
crStarlite jsut park them in the next-door dimension
crGrape mmmmm......imagination to achieve FTL....
crStarlite infite amount of space available there
JanCyberC LOLOLOL! Star, when you find the combination to that particular door...send it to me okay?
crStarlite or realtively so
Truddy yup--space all mine for the filling
PaulLevinson Starlight: you mean, park books in an alternative universe garage?
crGrape LOLOL
crStarlite something like that
PaulLevinson There was a great short-short in Analog a few years ago called "Parallel Parking," that went into just that theme!
JanCyberC Paul, You mentioned in one of your fly-throughs earlier this week that the sequel to "Loose Ends" has been published...when? Where?
PaulLevinson Jan: "Little Differences" is in the June 98 issue of Analog; and I'll be sprucing up a third story in the universe -- "Late Lessons" -- and sending along to Analog soon too (and I have a 4th in draft, as well) and eventually, it will all be published as a novel
Dan I'll clear some space on my desk...
JanCyberC Tres Cool...Dan...I know the June Analog probably isn't still on the stands...can folks still get back copies by writing you guys?
PaulLevinson Dan: [smile]
crStarlite in that case, is the garage all booked up?
Dan Yeah.. Our address is on our website. You can also subscribe online
TinaVozick I'm curious - are most folks here east coast US?
Tam Hi, Paul, Grape, Atvar
PaulLevinson Hey, Tam!
crStarlite Hi Tam
crGrape I am....SC
JanCyberC Locale check!
JanCyberC <==Chicago
Truddy I am NY
Tam <---Ann Arbor, Mich
Dan Crooklyn, NY!
PaulLevinson about 20 miles north of NYC
crStarlite CA, about 60 miles south of LA
Truddy US side of the big ditch in Niagara Falls
Tam Hey, Jan and Truddy both not far from me
edunkel I'm in Philly, but used to live in Detroit, and N.J. before that. (but you know that, Tina)
TinaVozick you're well travelled, El
Keith <== Glade Hill VA, pop 204
PaulLevinson Ellen gets around! Keith: man, I envy you that 204!
JanCyberC So it looks like mostly East Coast...though Central and Western US are represented.
TinaVozick actually it's 203 others
PaulLevinson (laugh) arithmetic isn't my strong suit[g]
JanCyberC Paul...I'm assuming you're be going to Balticon?
PaulLevinson Jan -- Yes, and I'll be signing copies of Analog at the Analog/Asimov's table, at Worldcon in Baltimore, first week of August, so I hope all of you come by and say hi! Hey Keith -- how's Jack?
JanCyberC Oh, excellent.
PaulLevinson Was great seeing you two and everyone last week!
Truddy Paul- here's a real basic question--beginners write and write--it's time to move on, but to where and how?
PaulLevinson Truddy --if you mean, how to move on in the story, the answer is, just ignore your impulse to keep writing the same thing -- ignore that impulse and just almost close your eyes to it, and move on in the story [GA]
Keith Jack gets in tomorrow night, Paul, and we head out on Friday to sign books throughout the south,
crGrape SC?
PaulLevinson well, have a great time, both of you!
TinaVozick how hot is it diwn your way, Keith? We're boiling here
crGrape Yep!
TinaVozick in Ny
Truddy ok- but then it is neatly put away, only I and it knows it even exists--and it wants to live! (my how dramatic)
Keith 102 today Tina -- and 114 in my office under the tin roof in the barn.
PaulLevinson Truddy: Ah, I see ... well, then, if you want it to live, send it to every
JanCyberC LOL, Truddy! Yikes Keith!
PaulLevinson possible place that might publish it -- one at a time, of course -- send it out everywhere, and dont' stop until
Keith I worked downstairs today.
PaulLevinson there are no more magazines or book publishers or whatever left that you can send it to --
TinaVozick don't blame you
PaulLevinson Truddy -- you've got to keep breathing that kind of life into your work, until the world wakes up and begins giving your work a life of its own[GA]
JanCyberC Folks...we only have a few more minutes before Paul works his way out of the CYBLING duct tape that has him attached to his chair...so if you have a question for him...now's the time!
PaulLevinson Jan: I've already melted into the chair!
JanCyberC LOL...a cold front is coming your way...just came through here today.
Truddy yikes--it just jumped off the shelf screaming "I'M GONNA LIVE!"--(thanks)
PaulLevinson Truddy: good! and good luck!
Keith Jan, send some cold down here!
baryon Hi gang Hi Paul Great Time Travel story
PaulLevinson Thanks, Baryon -- glad you enjoyed it!
JanCyberC I'll think chilling thoughts in your general direction Keith.
Keith Brrrr
edunkel you can have some cold from my icy office!
PaulLevinson I feel cooler already!
JanCyberC Yes, it was a great story and I'm glad to here you'll be turning it into a novel.
TinaVozick Baryon, did you see the sequel?
baryon Hav\d some good curves to throw everyone off and keep them guessing. I really liked that way of telling the story
PaulLevinson Thanks, Jan -- I started working on a part of Loose Ends back in 1975!
crAtvarLoathesAOL great story, Loose Ends
baryon Have not seen the sequel
TinaVozick June 98 Analog - "Little Differences"
baryon Will check it out
PaulLevinson Baryon: Thanks. "Little Diffs" has some curves too.
JanCyberC I really liked the way time "corrected" itself....making time itself a character.
baryon Can't wait for the novel. I'll be sure to review it
PaulLevinson Ok, folks, I'm gonna mosey out of here ... before I melt completely!
JanCyberC Okay everyone...
TinaVozick who do you write for, Bary?
JanCyberC let's give Paul a round of applause.. and thank him for joining us this evening! ACTION applauds wildly
baryon Baryon is my SF fanzine I review books
Dan Thanks Paul! APPLAUSE::
Tam Night, Paul!xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxapplause
TinaVozick cool
Keith Good hearing you Paul, as ever. Nite, Tina!
edunkel thanks paul!
Truddy Thanks Paul--hope you will return in the future :-)
edunkel (guess I better get back to work, eh?)
JanCyberC Yep...we'll have to get you back out here soon. Superb Guest of Honor.
PaulLevinson Night all -- and thanks -- I definitely will return!
JanCyberC Thanks Dan for bringing him to us!
TinaVozick what kind of hours do you work, WEllen!
PaulLevinson Bye bye for now!
JanCyberC Goodnight!
PaulLevinson [smile]....
crAtvarLoathesAOL Bye Paul. Stop by again!


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